For a patient using an ipratropium inhaler for COPD, what adverse effect should be monitored?

Monitoring for dry mouth is essential when a patient is using an ipratropium inhaler for COPD management. Ipratropium is an anticholinergic medication that works by blocking the action of acetylcholine, which leads to bronchodilation and helps relieve respiratory symptoms in COPD. However, this mechanism can also reduce secretions in various parts of the body, including the salivary glands, resulting in dry mouth.

This adverse effect can be particularly concerning because it may lead to discomfort for the patient, affect their ability to swallow and speak, and increase the risk of dental problems such as cavities or gum disease due to decreased saliva, which normally helps to protect the teeth. Therefore, patients using ipratropium should be advised to stay hydrated and might benefit from sugar-free gum or lozenges to help stimulate saliva production and alleviate dry mouth symptoms.

The other choices, such as muscle cramps, hypertension, and weight gain, are not commonly associated with ipratropium use, which primarily highlights the importance of monitoring for the specific side effects linked to a patient's medication regimen.