How do ACE inhibitors contribute to lowering blood pressure?

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ACE inhibitors are a class of medications that play a crucial role in managing hypertension, primarily through their ability to interfere with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). The correct choice indicates that ACE inhibitors work by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.

Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor that not only narrows blood vessels but also stimulates the release of aldosterone, leading to sodium and water retention in the kidneys. By blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, ACE inhibitors reduce the levels of this constricting hormone. This results in the relaxation of blood vessels, a reduction in blood volume, and an overall decrease in blood pressure.

Furthermore, the direct relationship between levels of angiotensin II and elevated blood pressure underscores the importance of ACE inhibitors in treating hypertension and heart failure. By systematically blocking this conversion, ACE inhibitors effectively lower blood pressure without significantly changing heart rate or directly affecting vascular smooth muscle relaxation in the way that some other agents might.

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