How do statins help manage cholesterol levels?

Statins are a class of medications that primarily function by inhibiting the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, which plays a key role in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway in the liver. By blocking this enzyme, statins effectively reduce the production of cholesterol in the liver. This reduction in hepatic cholesterol leads to increased expression of LDL receptors on liver cells, enhancing the liver's ability to uptake LDL (low-density lipoprotein) particles from the bloodstream. As a result, overall levels of LDL cholesterol in circulation decrease, significantly improving cholesterol management and reducing the risk of cardiovascular events.

In contrast, increasing HDL (high-density lipoprotein) levels alone does not directly address the elevated levels of LDL, which are predominantly responsible for atherosclerosis and heart disease. Additionally, while some medications may inhibit cholesterol absorption in the intestines, statins primarily focus on decreasing hepatic cholesterol synthesis. The conversion of LDL to HDL is not a function performed by statins; rather, it involves complex metabolic processes that are not directly influenced by this class of drugs.