What is the primary mechanism of action for allopurinol in treating gout?

The primary mechanism of action for allopurinol in treating gout is that it decreases the production of uric acid. Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, which means it interferes with the enzyme responsible for converting hypoxanthine and xanthine into uric acid. By inhibiting this enzyme, allopurinol effectively reduces the overall production of uric acid in the body, leading to lower serum urate levels. This is beneficial for individuals with gout, as high levels of uric acid can result in the formation of urate crystals that accumulate in joints, causing pain and inflammation.

Other mechanisms listed, like decreasing uric acid reabsorption or increasing its renal clearance, do not accurately describe how allopurinol works. Additionally, allopurinol does not dissolve urate crystals; it primarily helps to prevent their formation by lowering uric acid levels. Understanding this mechanism is crucial in managing gout effectively and preventing flare-ups by addressing the underlying issue of uric acid overproduction.