What is the primary side effect of ACE inhibitors that patients must be informed about?

The primary side effect of ACE inhibitors that patients must be informed about is a persistent cough. ACE inhibitors, such as lisinopril and ramipril, work by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme, which is involved in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. This action helps to lower blood pressure and can be beneficial for heart failure.

However, one of the common side effects associated with ACE inhibitors is a dry, persistent cough. This occurs because the inhibition of the enzyme affects not only angiotensin II but also bradykinin, a peptide that promotes vasodilation. The accumulation of bradykinin is thought to stimulate the cough reflex in some patients. It is crucial for healthcare providers to inform patients of this potential side effect, as it can lead to discontinuation of the medication if it becomes bothersome.

In contrast, while headache, dizziness, and nausea can occur with various medications, they are not as characteristic or prevalent specifically with ACE inhibitors as the cough. Educating patients about the persistent cough allows them to better understand the medication’s side effects and to communicate effectively with their healthcare provider regarding any concerns or the need for alternative therapies.